High Cholesterol

High cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) is an excessive presence of fatty substances in the blood, often without symptoms, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. It is caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, and genetic factors. Treatment relies on diet, physical activity, and sometimes medication.

Causes and Risk Factors

Diet: Excessive consumption of saturated fats (red meat, processed meats, butter, cheese, palm oil).
Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise), being overweight, and smoking.
Genetic factors: Family predisposition (familial hypercholesterolemia).

Other: Age (over 50), menopause, alcohol consumption.

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Symptoms and Diagnosis

High cholesterol usually does not cause any symptoms.
It is detected by a blood test (lipid profile). Warning signs (signs of arterial obstruction) may occur: calf pain, cold extremities, chest tightness, dizziness.

Associated Risks

Atherosclerosis: Fatty deposits on the artery walls (plaques).
Cardiovascular diseases: Heart attack, angina, stroke, peripheral vascular disease.

Prevention and Treatment

Lifestyle changes:
Healthy diet: Limit saturated fats, increase fiber intake.

Exercise: Regular physical activity.
Smoking cessation: Improves good cholesterol levels.
Medical treatments: If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications may be prescribed, including statins, resins, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors.

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